Muon Telescope

PMTs 0 and 3 were placed 6.5 cm apart vertically against the telescope scintillator with PMT 14 between them against scintillator 1-66-?. All PMTs were biased to -1100V. PMT 14 was triggered by a coincident event from PMTs 0 and 3. The coincident event was defined by a threshold of -25 mV with a 70 ns coincident window. The configuration of the telescope scintillator, the total time run, and the number of events varied by trial.

The equation used for calculating the energy loss of a muon is (this equation was taken from the source listed below):

,

where is the energy of the muon and is the distance the muon has travelled.

R. Abbasi, et. al., An improved method for measuring muon energy using the truncated mean of dE/dx, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 703, 1 March 2013, Pages 190-198, ISSN 0168-9002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.11.081.

The average energy of a muon at sea level was taken to be 4 GeV. The density of polystyrene is . The diameter of the plastic is 2.10 cm. The equation used to calculate the energy lost as the muon passes through the diameter of our polystyrene scintillator is

Figure 1: Area under the pulse fit to a gaussian.

Energy conversion: ,

where is energy in MeV and is pulse area in mVs.

Figure 2: Muon Energy Spectrum

Figure 3: Area under the pulse fit to a gaussian.

Energy conversion: ,

where is energy in MeV and is pulse area in mVs.

Figure 4: Muon Energy Spectrum

Figure 5: Area under the pulse fit to a gaussian.

Energy conversion: ,

where is energy in MeV and is pulse area in mVs.

Figure 6: Muon Energy Spectrum

Figure 7: Area under the pulse fit to a gaussian.

Energy conversion: ,

where is energy in MeV and is pulse area in mVs.

Figure 8: Muon Energy Spectrum

Figure 9:Calculation of Empty Events for the parallel (long) configuration.

Figure 10: Calculation of Empty Events for the perpendicular (long) configuration.

Figure 11: Calculation of Empty Events for the parallel (short) configuration.

Figure 12: Calculation of Empty Events for the perpendicular (short) configuration.

The number of empty events was calculated by taking the integral from the far left side of the histogram to the red line shown.